Target Therapy For Ovarian Cancer - 4240 Words

Title: Targeted Therapy in Ovarian Cancer Authors: Hui Jun, Lim1 and William, Ledger2 Affiliations: University of New South Wales, Australia1, School of Women and Children’s Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia2 Abstract Among female-specific cancers worldwide, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic malignancy in the Western world. Despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to first-line chemotherapy, up to 70% of patients experience relapses with a median progression-free survival of 12 to 18 months. There remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. This review aims to assess current understanding of targeted therapy in†¦show more content†¦Limitations and Challenges†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 4. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦13 Table 1: Anti-VEGF Angiogenic Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Table 2: PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...16 Table 3: EGFR Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.18 1. Introduction Among female-specific cancers worldwide, ovarian cancer is the third most common following breast and cervical cancers.1 It is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic malignancy in the Western world, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 30% in advanced-stage disease.2 Despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to first-line chemotherapy, up to 70% of patients experience relapse with a median progression-free survival of 12 to 18 months.3 Furthermore, sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapies decreases with each subsequent relapse with the development of platinum-resistant and refractory disease.4 As such, there remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes and tolerability in ovarian cancer treatment. In an age when great advances have been made in understanding the genetics and molecular biology of this heterogeneous disease,

Springhill Country Guesthouse Essay - 2054 Words

Springhill Country Guesthouse Case Study 1. What is meant by qualitative and quantitative research? a) Qualitative essays are more subjective and focus on the researcher s own inferences drawn from his study of the data. The qualitative studies use data from focus groups or case studies that the researcher herself analyses. b) Quantitative studies are more objective and concentrate on drawing conclusions based a statistical analysis of the data. Both types of essays seek to answer a question, called a hypothesis, about some aspect of social phenomena. The quantitative projects use surveys that provide a set of fixed responses that can be coded with numbers. Springhill country Guesthouse is planning to increase his†¦show more content†¦A problem can be considered as market opportunity such as: * Market potential * Market share * Market characteristics * Sales analysis * Short-range forecasting * Long-range forecasting * Business trends analysis Problem solution research is to solve specific marketing problem such as: * Segmentation research * Product research * Pricing research * Promotion research * Distribution research It is important to mention: a) Problem identification or recognition starts when a company manager believes that he doesn’t have enough information to make a decision to solve a problem or to identify and take advantage of a market opportunity. In that case the manager has to seek for the information through the market research process. b) Defining the real problem it is important so the manager can be clear about the information is needed and for what purpose. The management decision problem needs to be defining in terms of a market research problem. c) Defining the objectives of the research it is important in this stage of the market research to avoid studying the wrong thing. Basically here the manager define what information he needs, when he need it and makes a statement of the purpose of the research. In the case of Springhill, they defined they need demographic information but

McKay Free Essays

It seems really ironic that a poem could be both an outcry during the Harlem Renaissance and a rallying song for Winston Churchill to persuade his country to fight against the Nazis, but that is exactly what this poem was.   Claude McKay’s â€Å"If We Must Die† was originally written about the race riots in Harlem in 1919, and it was a call to all African American men that it was time for them to stand up for their rights.   As with his poetry, McKay himself had quite an interesting life. We will write a custom essay sample on McKay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Born in Jamaica in 1889, he published his first book of poetry at the age of twenty.   In this book called â€Å"songs of Jamaica,† he tells the reader about living the life of an average black in Jamaica.   In 1912, he came to America in order to attend Tuskegee, then moves on to the University of Kansas.   He flirted with communism and traveled to Europe only to find himself converting to Catholicism back in Harlem again.   Dying in 1948, McKay certainly left his mark on the world.   McKay’s poem â€Å"If We Must Die,† leaves a mark of his fierceness when it comes to social inequality and â€Å"bucking† the status quo.   McKay makes a plea to African American men. McKay uses many literary techniques and devices in this poem to enhance and emphasize his meaning.   He uses â€Å"like hogs† in line one, which is a simile.   He immediately begins with this because the reader clearly does not want to identify himself or herself with â€Å"hogs.†Ã‚   He is setting up the idea that black people do not want to live like animals.   Therefore, they must fight for their rights.   He uses apostrophe, both in lines 5 and 9.   He may allude to many other injustices suffered like Harper’s Ferry or slavery. An extended metaphor would be the animal imagery that is carried through the poem with words like â€Å"hogs,† (line 1)â€Å"hunted, â€Å" â€Å"penned,† (line 2) â€Å" bark,† â€Å"mad and hungry dogs,† (line 3) â€Å"monsters,† (line 7) â€Å"cowardly pack† (line 13).   A metaphor is used in line 7 with the word â€Å"monsters.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Again, McKay is making the conscience choice to evoke animal imagery because, in his mind, blacks have become animals.   They have been backed into a corner like animals, and now they must choose to fight their way out. His choice of rhetoric or diction clearly demonstrates that of the black man’s dignity and the animal imagery that dehumanizes the black man.   An example of hyperbole is â€Å"If we must die, let it not be like hogs† (line 1)   and â€Å"and for their thousand blows deal one death-blow† (line 11).   In line 3, onomatopoeia is used with the word â€Å"bark.†Ã‚   A rhetorical question is used in line 12 with â€Å"What though before us lies the open grave?†Ã‚   This reminds the reader that death waits for all of us, so what have they really got to lose?   Many of these techniques are used to create a sense of urgency in the reader. Basically interpreting this poem is simple.   It is brief but eloquent.   McKay does not feel that his fellow â€Å"kinsmen† should stand around and let society or white man attack them and do nothing about it.   He tells his brothers that they must fight.   They need to show themselves to be brave and fight back against injustice and oppression.   They must fight back against those who persecute them.   McKay clearly admits that they may be outnumbered, with their backs pressed to the wall, but they will not go down without a fight.   They will not be treated like animals in a pen by remaining passive; they will join together and fight.   If they have been made into animals, they will fight like animals. This poem is clearly a Shakespearean sonnet.   One easy way to tell is the rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg.   Also the reader knows because the poem consists of 14 lines and is made up of three quatrains and a couplet, with the last rhyming couplet being the â€Å"turn.†Ã‚   This sonnet is also written in iambic pentameter as to stay with traditional form.   The poem is clearly end-rhymed as the rhyme scheme suggests.   There is repetition of the words â€Å"If we must die.† By repeating these words McKay repeats his plea for people to fight back, not to just accept the way things are.   African Americans deserve equal rights and they should get them or at least go out trying.   This poem is a call to African American men to fight for their rights.   He uses a quite traditional poetic form with very strict rules to talk about a non-traditional topic—African Americans standing up for their rights.   It is formal structure to express a formal message, written almost like a speech or plea. McKay’s hatred for the passive nature of black men is shown in this poem.   He is calling for black men to stand up and fight against the injustices that have been done to them.   He says that if they have to die, they should at least die fighting, knowing that they were fighting for their cause.   Society has, in many ways, made them into animals.   Instead of sitting passively by and being treated like animals, they should fight like animals.   They have nothing to lose because they have no rights and in many ways are simply waiting for death. Works Cited McKay, Claude, â€Å"If We Must Die,† Retrieved October 30, 2007 at Web Site: McKay, Claude, Retrieved October 30, 2007 at Web Site: http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/25          How to cite McKay, Essay examples

Public Relations AND Business Ethics

Questions: 1.You work for a major multinational organisational as their public relations manager and have been asked to evaluate a sponsorship request from a not-for-profit organisation. Outline the factors which may influence your decision? 2.Outline some of the ethical issues which may be faced by public relations practitioners in their working life? Answers: 1. Sponsorship is one of the most effective ways, which enhances the recognition of a multinational Company. It does so in numerous of ways such as by highlighting the logo of the Company in their campaigning, by highlighting the sponsorship on the social media platform and many more. For multinational companies, publicity of their social works keeps an utmost importance. Corporate companies do so willingly to show their desire for the social works. However, the fact is not the same. These steps are in major cases only to highlight the good sight of the Company to enhance its business in the market. As a public relationship manager of a multinational organisation, I will consider the following factors: Brand Visibility To the corporate companies, the sponsorship activities with some non-profit organization are a source to their brand recognition. They seek for this step to enhance their brand appeal in the market. As a public relation manager, I am required to check the record of accomplishment of the non-profit organization, which has been considered for the sponsorship. This is required to ensure that the branding of the Company is on the right hand. Recognition I am also required to ensure that the concerned non-profit firm do publicise our sponsorship in the market. This helps in enhancing the market recognition of the Company. This is also required to ensure that the firm does a publicity of my company on social media platforms. Creativity As a public relation manager, I have to ensure that the targeted non-profit organization takes a good care of the Companys logo. The logo of the Company speaks about the branding of the Company. It needs to be properly placed at every approval. Legality The type of activities the non-profit organisation is engaged and the existing stakeholders opinion on it will decide the sponsorship. The legality of the concerned non-profit firm, its actual activities, controversies and all the related facts will be considered and verified in order to decide on the sponsorship. For example, according to an article, the Bush Administration have discovered supposed link between various terrorist organizations and several charities ("University of Kansas School of Law | School of Law", 2017). An international American NGO has threatened to shut down its Indian branches in order to save itself from government probe ("US NGO threatens to shut shop, blames Modi govt for 'ideological targeting'", 2017). The non-profit making organization often engage in illegal activities, try to escape government probes and terrorist financing. Their legality factor should be ensured before sponsoring the organization because it is a question of goodwill of my MNC emplo yer. 2. The public relation practitioners are often faced with certain situations in their profession, which poses challenges to them. Some of such challenges are discussed below: Providing truthful information: The public practitioners are often under the pressure to distort the true information. They often have to spread manipulated truth so that the owners (companies, political parties concerned) can use the information to gain public sympathy and favour. For example, if an accident was caused due to municipal negligence on a road, the public relation spokesperson is made to present the accident as minor even if fatalities have been caused. The public relation practitioner should instead help their principles to present a more transparent picture before the public. Their main aim of these practitioners should be creating a positive image of the companies or government departments based on truth. Offering Authentic Context: The public relationship officers and managers should maintain ethics and morality. They should provide the information at the right time when it is of real use. The public relationship firms often present their views to deviate public opinion and happenings that are more crucial. For example, they often spread news like victory of the Indian cricket team more prominently than the news of a blast. They should understand that the blast is of national importance whereas cricket is entertainment and comparatively less important. Thus, the public relation officers should pay highest priority to national importance. Advising leaders: The public relationship practitioners should advice the organizations that use them to spread the news. They should advice them to follow ethical means of operations and not to spread false rumours. They should make aware that misleading the stakeholders would create a negative image of the organization, which will cause long-term market loss. Thus, the organizations should follow ethical modes of working and use these professional to spread authentic information. Fellow Sponsors: The public relationship professionals are often hired to spread messages about CSR and philanthropic activities of the companies. Their ethics requires spreading the good initiatives of the company. They should communicate all the involved sponsors of the events so that the people have right information about the event and the sponsors in turn are able to reach the target consumers. For example, if an event is jointly hosted by Unilever, the global FMCG giant and Vodafone the telecommunication giant, the PR agency should communicate the names of both the companies. Developing a communications campaign strategy Goals: The goal of the organisation Nature Play is to provide facilities to children with opportunities to venture into natural areas like lakes and parks. The catch line stated itself clarifies the goal. The organization can create plans of arranging picnics and outings under names like License to play and Grow with nature play ("Nature Play QLD", 2017). Objectives: The objective of the campaign is to interact with the parents of the children. Today, parents do not allow their children to play in fields, parks, lakes and hilly areas. Today Singapore is undergoing rapid industrialization, which is leading to new residential complexes coming up at a very fast rate. This leaves the children with very little natural areas to play in and they stay indoors. The children do not get the chance to play in parks and fields, thus get deprived of the advantages of outdoor activities. This is exposing them to weak immune systems, which further increases the chances of them falling ill. Children who do not play outside do not get exposure to sun and suffer from vitamin deficiencies(Del et al., 2015). The objective of the mission is to generate awareness among parents about the necessity of outdoor activities like playing in the fields and parks. Many parents do not allow their children to play because they fear exposure to dirt, mude and germs which the harbour. The involvement of the laundry detergent brand OMO is the solution to this anxiety. OMO is a brand owned by Unilever, which guarantees the quality of the product. The product is available in variants for hand washing and machine washing which makes the product fit for both the usages ("Omo", 2017). The involvement of the Nature Play and OMO acts as the strong assurances for the parents that their children can play in the fields and parks freely to derive the benefits of the outdoor activities. Their support guarantees the parents that they will be able to wash the clothes of their children free of all dirt and germs. Target audience: The target audience of the campaign will be the parents and their children. The campaign is an interaction between the company Nature Play and the parents. The company will speak to the parents and make them knowledgeable about the benefits children derive from outdoor activities. The organisation will encourage the parents to let their children go out into the natural areas by participating in the various outdoor programs. The campaign is supported by the laundry detergent brand of Unilever, OMO. The target audiences of the product are the parents of the children. Nature Play will convince the parents to allow their children to take part in its nature related activities. OMO will ensure that the dirty clothes of the children dirtied with mud, dirt, grime and germs are cleaned free of the pollutants. Key messages: The key message of Nature Play for the parents is to allow their children to participate in outdoor activities through its nature related activities. This is supported by OMO, which will clean the clothes of the children dirtied as a result of the outdoor activities. Overall strategy and tactics: The overall strategy is to hold a discussion session with the parents in the presence of their children. The representative of Nature Play will open the session by speaking with the parents and make them aware of the importance of outdoor activities to the physical development of the children. It will be like an outing for the parents and their children where they would be provided with a picnic ambience. The company would arrange for some activities for the children so that they can have fun. OMO will also interact with the parents and speak to them about their product. The representative of the laundry detergent will demonstrate the usage of the powder and prove its superiority in washing away dirt and germs from the clothes of the children. They will encourage the parents to allow their children to play in the open. Then they will point out the power of OMO to wash away the dirt on the childrens clothes as a consequenc of their contact with the open fields and parks. References: Del Pinto, R., Pietropaoli, D., Chandar, A. K., Ferri, C., Cominelli, F. (2015). Association between inflammatory bowel disease and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammatory bowel diseases,21(11), 2708. Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C. (2013). Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(01), 97-124. Nature Play QLD. (2017). Natureplayqld.org.au. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://www.natureplayqld.org.au/ Omo. (2017). Unilever global company website. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://www.unilever.com/brands/our-brands/omo.html Public Relations Consultants Association of India | Overview. (2017). Prcai.org. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://prcai.org/about-us/overview/ Public Relations Consultants Association of India | Overview. (2017). Prcai.org. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://prcai.org/about-us/overview/ University of Kansas School of Law | School of Law. (2017). Law.ku.edu. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://law.ku.edu US NGO threatens to shut shop, blames Modi govt for 'ideological targeting'. (2017). CatchNews.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017, from https://www.catchnews.com/india-news/us-ngo-threatens-to-shut-shop-blames-modi-govt-for-ideological-targeting-1481131201.html

Milk and Milk Products Essay Example

Milk and Milk Products Essay Milk is a perfect nutrient. It is a portion and package of the diet of all immature and old. It is indispensable for the proper growing of the human organic structure. It is a balanced diet. It contains proteins. saccharides. fats. minerals and vitamins in the ratio in which they are needed for the proper development of the organic structure. This is why it best suit ; babes and the ill. Milk contains Ca. Newly born babes are fed on mother’s milk. It helps in the formation of castanetss. Following to mother’s milk. is cow’s milk. Milk should be boiled before it is taken. Before boiling. it should be strained through a piece of harsh fabric. Milk loses much of its nutrient value if it is boiled for a longer clip. We prepare a batch of things from milk. They are butter. curd. lassi. cheese. pick and a figure of Sweets which sell like hot bars. They are relished by every-body. We use milk in changing measures in tea. Milk in its purest signifier is rare now. Peoples have become dishonest. They adulterate milk by adding H2O to it or they get cream extracted from it. These malpractices destroy the nutrient value of milk. We will write a custom essay sample on Milk and Milk Products specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Milk and Milk Products specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Milk and Milk Products specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These yearss tea is more popular than milk. Tea no uncertainty is cheaper but it is positively harmful for wellness. Milk strengthens friends bacteriums in our organic structure to defy diseases but tea destroys those bacteriums. Equally far as possible. tea should non be given to kids. One chief ground why the state people are stronger than city- bred people is that they get milk and milk merchandises in greater step than the people of metropoliss. Lassi is their favorite drink. The type of animate being. its quality. and its diet can take to differences in the coloring material. spirit. and composing of milk. Infections in the animate being which cause unwellness may be passed straight to the consumer through milk. It is hence highly of import that quality-control trials are carried out to guarantee that the bacterial activity in natural milk is of an acceptable degree. and that no harmful bacteriums remain in the processed merchandises. Milk fat The monetary value paid for milk is normally dependent upon the milk-fat content. and this may be determined either at the aggregation phase or at the dairy utilizing a piece of equipment known as a butyrometer. Additionally the specific gravitation can be measured utilizing a gravimeter. This can besides be used as an assistance to observe debasement. Bacterial activity Routinely it is necessary to look into the microbiological quality of natural milk utilizing either methylene blue or resazurin dyes. These trials indicate the activity of bacteriums in the milk sample and the consequences determine whether the milk is accepted or rejected. Both trials work on the rule of the clip taken to alter the coloring material of the dye. The length of clip taken is relative to the figure of micro-organisms nowadays ( the shorter the clip taken. the higher the bacterial activity ) . It is preferred to utilize the resazurin trial as this is less time-consuming. For these trials. basic research lab equipment will be needed such as test-tubes. a H2O bath. accurate measurement equipment. and a supply of dyes. After aggregation the milk should ideally be stored at a temperature of 4Â °C or below. This is necessary to decelerate the growing of any polluting bacteriums. Phosphatase trial For pasteurized milk. it is possible to guarantee that pasteurisation has been adequately achieved by proving for the presence of the enzyme phosphatase. The devastation of phosphatase is regarded as a dependable trial to demo that the milk has been sufficiently heat-processed. because this enzyme ( present in natural milk ) is destroyed by pasteurisation conditions. It is stressed that pasteurisation is an effectual precaution against spoilage and nutrient poisoning merely if the milk is non re-contaminated after pasteurisation. Production of Feed The dairy supply concatenation begins with turning harvests such as maize. lucerne hay and soya beans to feed dairy cattles. About 35 per centum of provender is grown on the farm by dairy husbandmans ; the remainder if purchased from other husbandmans. Milk Production Dairy cattles are housed. fed and milked on dairy farms across the state. On norm. a cow in the United States gave approximately 20. 576 lbs of milk in 2009. Milk Transport Milk is transported from farm to treat company in insulated oiler trucks. The mean truck carries 5. 800 gallons of milk and travels about 500 stat mis round trip. Processing There are more than 1. 000 U. S. processing workss that turn milk into cheese. yoghurt. ice pick. powered milk and other merchandises. Boxing Packaging is typically done by the dairy processor. Both poster board and plastic containers are designed to maintain dairy merchandises fresh. clean and wholesome. Distribution Distribution companies deliver dairy merchandises from the processor to retail merchants. schools. and other mercantile establishments in refrigerated trucks. Retail Milk and dairy merchandises are available at 178. 000 retail mercantile establishments of all forms and sizes – from convenience shops and vicinity food markets. to big price reduction shops and warehouse mercantile establishments. Consumer Milk and milk merchandises deliver nine indispensable foods to kids and grownups. advancing good wellness and wellbeing throughout all phases of life. The milk contains all the nutrient. including protein. fat. sugar. and other foods. a immature mammal requires for a long period of clip. Milk comes from sheep. cattles. and caprine animals. Milk is good for us because we grow up healthy and have a strong organic structure. we have crisp dentitions and have energy. Everybody needs milk illustration: babes. yearlings. ill people. kids. aged and old people. In assorted parts of the universe. caprine animals. caribou. donkeys. yacks. H2O American bison. and sheep are domesticated and milked. In most states. nevertheless. dairy cattles provide milk. Milk and milk merchandises are intoxicated and eaten in many signifiers. including buttermilk. cheese. yogurt. and butter. Milk can be reduced to pulverize. concentrated in a thick liquid. and used in cooking. Fresh milk sours rapidly. but. when changed into signifiers such as cheeses. it can be kept for a long clip. Peoples consume milk in fresh. dried. and condensed signifiers. The dairy husbandmans take their cattles to the keeping country. where they wash their cattles for milking. When cattles are clean the dairy husbandmans leads them to a particular room called the milking parlour. The dairy husbandmans take out the milking machine and attach it on the bag of the cow and begings milking. After few minitues when the cow has given all the milk the dairy husbandman weighs the milk and notes the sum in the particular diary. Each cow produces about 4500 liters of milk each twelvemonth. The milk travels from the cattles through glass pipes to the milk armored combat vehicle. The milk neer touches the air it stays clean and fresh. The milk cools in the armored combat vehicle. After this the dairy husbandmans clean the milking equipment and feed the cow. The cattles eat leafy vegetables. hay and maize that the dairy husbandmans grow. They besides eat vitamin feed that helps them do more milk. Subsequently from the chilling armored combat vehicle milk is transported to Process Company in insulated oiler trucks. Before the milk can be sold. it is tested to be certain it is fresh and pure. The milk is besides pasteurized. a particular procedure that kills any sources and keeps the milk fresh. The milk is poured into containers to sell in shops. The sum of milk a dairy cow produces varies from month to month. A cow does non bring forth any milk at all until the first calf is born. The husbandman removes the calf 2 yearss after birth. so that the cow is free to be milked. She is milked twice a twenty-four hours to maintain the milk output high and is given excess nutrient. The cow is milked for 10 months. Within three months after break uping ( giving birth ) . she is mated once more. During gestation the milk yeild falls bit by bit. and for 2 months before the birth. the cow is dry. For six hebdomads before the birth. she is given excess nutrient to assist her to bring forth a good milk supply after break uping. This is called steaming up. Get downing with the month when a calf was born. a calender is made demoing how a cow’s milk output alterations over a twelvemonth.

How to Manage Invasive Insects in Firewood

How to Manage Invasive Insects in Firewood Nothings nicer on a cold winter day than sitting in front of a roaring wood fire in the fireplace. When you bring that firewood indoors, you might be bringing bugs indoors, too. Heres what you need to know about insects in firewood and how to keep them from coming inside. What Kinds of Insects Live in Firewood? Firewood often houses beetles, both under the bark and inside the wood. When firewood contains beetle larvae, adults may emerge as long as two years after the wood was cut. Longhorned beetle larvae usually live under the bark, in irregular tunnels. Boring beetle larvae make winding tunnels loaded with sawdust-like frass. Bark and ambrosia beetles typically infest freshly cut wood. Dry firewood may attract carpenter bees, which nest in the wood. Horntail wasps lay their eggs in wood, where the larvae develop. Sometimes adult horntail wasps emerge from firewood when its brought indoors. You dont need to worry about them stinging or damaging your home, should one surprise you. If firewood is still damp or stored in contact with the ground, it may attract a number of other insects. Carpenter ants and termites, both social insects, may make their homes in a pile of firewood. Critters that migrate into the wood from the ground include sowbugs, millipedes, centipedes, pillbugs, springtails, and bark lice. Can These Insects Damage My Home? Few insects that live in firewood will cause damage to your home. The structural lumber in your homes walls is much too dry to sustain them. As long as you dont store firewood inside your home, you shouldnt worry about insects from firewood infesting your house. Avoid keeping firewood in a damp garage or basement, where structural wood might have enough moisture to attract some insects. If insects do come indoors with the wood, just use a vacuum to remove them. Do be careful about where you store your wood outdoors. If you place stacks of firewood right up against your house, you are asking for termite trouble. Also, be aware that if the firewood contains beetle larvae or adults, the beetles may emerge and head for the nearest trees- the ones in your yard. How to Keep (Most) Bugs out of Your Firewood The best thing you can do to avoid insect infestations in your firewood is to dry it quickly. The drier the wood, the less hospitable it is to most insects. Proper storage of firewood is key. Try to avoid harvesting wood when insects are most active, from April to October. By cutting down trees in winter months, you will lessen the risk of bringing home infested logs. Fresh cut logs invite insects to move in, so remove the wood from the forest as soon as possible. Cut wood into smaller logs before storing it. The more surfaces exposed to the air, the quicker the wood will cure. Firewood should be covered to keep out moisture. Ideally, wood should be raised off the ground, too. Keep some air space under the cover and under the pile to allow airflow and quicker drying. Never treat firewood with pesticides. The more common firewood insects, beetles, typically bore into the wood and wont be affected by surface treatments anyway. Burning logs that have been sprayed with chemicals is a health hazard and could expose you to toxic fumes. Stop the Spread of Invasive Insects Invasive insects, such as the Asian longhorned beetle and the emerald ash borer, can be transported to new areas in firewood. These pests threaten our native trees, and every precaution should be taken to contain them.   Always obtain your firewood locally. Firewood from other areas could harbor these invasive pests ​and has the potential to create a new infestation where you live or camp. Most experts recommend that no firewood be moved more than 50 miles from its origin. If you are planning a camping trip away from home, dont bring your own firewood with you. Purchase wood from a local source near the camping area.

Sir William Blackstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sir William Blackstone - Essay Example Another strength of William Blackstone is depicted in the style he wrote the Commentaries. The Commentaries exhibit great simplicity, elegance, and clarity, especially in the language that was used to write it. The literary qualities employed are considered high, as well as the aspect of flattery on the side of public prejudices. For this reason, William Blackstone’s work had a great influence in England. This was accepted by the public and authorities in England as a revelation of the law that was highly authoritative. This served the same purpose to the educated class of England, as that of the publications of the previously unknown Roman laws to the Romans. Today, most of the English people still consider the criticism of William Blackstone of the English constitution, as a major political conviction.To a larger extent, Sir William Blackstone had considerable weaknesses, which became a basis for his critics. First, Blackstone is considered to have had only a vague grasp of the basic conceptions of law. This is evident in his regard for the English law during his time. His perception of municipal laws was also highly questionable. He is also considered not to have a proper conception of the technical terms of the Roman law, owing to his distinction between the rights that pertain to people and those that pertain to things. Although William Blackstone did not perform only the work that pertains to a legal commentator, he failed to address some important aspects in the social realm.